Investigating Hidden Infectious Triggers in Canine Joint Disease
The Langford Trust is funding an important new study to determine whether infectious diseases may be an overlooked cause of joint inflammation in some UK dogs.
Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a painful condition in which a dog’s immune system attacks multiple joints, causing swelling, stiffness, lameness, fever and lethargy. It is a common reason for referral to Langford Vets Small Animal Hospital. In many cases, despite extensive investigation, no underlying trigger is identified and dogs are treated with immunosuppressive medication to control inflammation.
Certain infections — including Leishmania infantum, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia — are known to trigger similar joint disease. These infections are more common in warmer countries, so UK dogs are typically only tested if they have travelled abroad. If an infectious cause is found, treatment changes significantly, requiring targeted antimicrobial therapy alongside immune suppression.
However, recent cases at Langford have raised concerns. In the past 18 months, 17 dogs have been diagnosed with leishmaniosis, and notably, seven had no known history of travel outside the UK. Five of these dogs were referred for suspected IMPA. This unexpected finding prompts an important question: should all dogs with suspected IMPA be screened for these infections, even without a travel history?
This study will prospectively screen dogs referred for suspected IMPA who have not travelled outside the UK. Using a widely available point-of-care blood test, the team will assess exposure to Leishmania, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia. By recruiting between 48 and 100 dogs, researchers aim to determine whether infection prevalence is high enough to justify routine screening.
If infections are identified, it could significantly alter treatment decisions and prompt further investigation into emerging disease patterns within the UK. If prevalence proves extremely low, clinicians can confidently continue current practice.
By supporting this project, the Langford Trust is enabling evidence-based improvements in veterinary care — ensuring dogs receive the most appropriate treatment while strengthening surveillance for emerging infectious disease in the UK.
